Sigmoid diverticulosis surgery |
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| Sigmoid diverticulitis surgery may be necessary in complicated cases and focuses on the removal of the diseased sigmoid and trying to restore bowel continuity. | |
Diverticulosis surgery
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In the case and presence of generalized pritonitis, the paitient survival rate is higher if focus is less on the bowel continuity and the continuity goal must therefore be secondary to the goal of maximum survival chance during diverticulitis surgery. Sigmoid resection with anastomosis is used where it is judged to be safe, considering criteria as adequate bowel preparation, good blood supply and low level of tension on the anastomosis. The Hartmann procedure is normally used for fecal peritonitis, or purulent peritonitis. The Hartmann procedure is a 2-stage operation. The alternatives to the Hartmann procedure are based on resection and primary anastomosis, sometimes with a temporary loop ileostomy, or with a loop colostomy. However, there is a discussion in the medical society whether these alternatives can be considered safe enough. It has been shown in studies by Gooszen that colorectal surgery followed by temporary decompression has a high rate of complications and increased risk of mortality. Severe acute diverticulitis (infection) will require hospitalization. Treatment is a combination of antibiotics (broad spectrum), intravenous hydration, bowel rest and possibly also nasogastric tube decmompresion. Antibiotics are applied for one week, or up to 10 days. After successful treatment, it is recommended that a patient goes on a diverticulitis diet with high fiber content to minimize the risk or recurrance. Most patients can be treated as out patients and prescribed oral antibiotics with close follow-ups. It is only in severe cases of diverticulitis or where there are complications in conjunction with co-existing diseases that hosiptal treatment is necessary and treatment is then usually intravenous antibiotics. If the diverticulitis (diverticulosis) is recurrent, it can result in the formation of abcesses, fistlulas or strictures and when these complications develop, sigmoid diverticulitis surgery may be required. Sigmoid diverticulosis surgery is normally performed with laparoscopy and only in cases of inflammation, bleeding or other complications encountered during the laparoscopic surgery, open surger is normally considered. Surgery is used conservatively but in severe cases of diverticulitis it is always used. Severe cases are when complications have occured like intestinal perforation, obstruction or peritonitis. Diverticulitis surgery risksSigmoid diverticulitis surgery carry some risks. Colon resection mortality rate is usually below 2% if the resection is elective (planned) and in the interval 6-20% for emergency surgery. The complications involved with surgery in the colon area are bleeding, infections through anastomotic leaks and in some cases injuries to nearby organs (mainly the ureter). Less than 5% of patients in elective colectomy are affected by these risks. |
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